Animals That Sound Like Horses in Florida

Animals That Sound Like Horses in Florida

Subspecies of cougar endemic to Florida

Florida panther
Close-up of head in Everglades National Park
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Club:	Carnivora
Suborder:	Feliformia
Family:	Felidae
Subfamily:	Felinae
Genus:	Puma
Species:	P. concolor
Subspecies:	P. c. couguar
Population:	Florida panther
Synonyms
Puma concolor coryi (Bangs, 1899)

The Florida panther is a N American cougar (P. c. couguar) population ^[ane] in South Florida. It lives in pinelands, tropical hardwood hammocks, and mixed freshwater swamp forests. It is known under a number of common names including Costa Rican puma, Florida cougar, and Florida puma. ^[ii]

Males can weigh upwards to 73 kg (161 lb) ^[3] and alive within a range that includes the Big Cypress National Preserve, Everglades National Park, the Florida Panther National Wild animals Refuge, Trivial Strand State Forest, rural communities of Collier County, Florida, Hendry County, Florida, Lee County, Florida, Miami-Dade County, Florida, and Monroe County, Florida. ^{[four] [5]} It is the but confirmed cougar population in the eastern Us, and currently occupies 5% of its historic range. ^[6] In the 1970s, an estimated 20 Florida panthers remained in the wild, ^[7] but their numbers had increased to an estimated 230 by 2017. ^[8]

In 1982, the Florida panther was called as the Florida state animal. ^[9]

Description [ edit ]

Florida panthers are spotted at birth, and typically have blue eyes. As the panther grows, the spots fade and the coat becomes completely tan, while the optics typically accept on a yellowish hue. The panther'south underbelly is a creamy white, and it has black tips on the tail and ears. Florida panthers lack the ability to roar, and instead make singled-out sounds that include whistles, chirps, growls, hisses, and purrs. Florida panthers are boilerplate-sized for the species, being smaller than cougars from colder climates, but larger than cougars from the Neotropics. Adult female person Florida panthers weigh 29–45.five kg (64–100 lb), whereas the larger males weigh 45.5–72 kg (100–159 lb). Total length is from ane.viii to 2.2 chiliad (five.9 to seven.2 ft) and shoulder height is 60–70 cm (24–28 in). ^{[10] [xi]} Male panthers, on average, are 9.4% longer and 33.2% heavier than females because males grow at a faster charge per unit than females and for a longer time. ^[12]

Taxonomic status [ edit ]

It was described every bit a distinct cougar subspecies (Puma concolor coryi) in the late 19th century. ^[13] The Florida panther had for a long fourth dimension been considered a unique cougar subspecies, with the scientific name Felis concolor coryi proposed by Outram Bangs in 1899. ^[13] A genetic study of cougar mitochondrial DNA showed that many of the purported cougar subspecies described in the 19th century are too similar to exist recognized as distinct. ^[14] It was reclassified and subsumed to the N American cougar (P. c. couguar) in 2005. ^[13] Despite these findings, it was still referred to as a distinct subspecies P. c. coryi in 2006. ^[xv]

In 2017, the Cat Classification Taskforce of the True cat Specialist Group revised the taxonomy of Felidae, and at present recognises all cougar populations in North America as P. c. couguar. ^[1]

Diet [ edit ]

The Florida panther is a large carnivore whose diet consists both of small animals, such as raccoons, armadillos, nutrias, hares, mice, and waterfowl, and larger prey such as storks, white-tailed deer, feral pigs, and small American alligators. The Florida panther is an opportunistic hunter, and has been known to prey on livestock and domesticated animals, including cattle, goats, horses, pigs, sheep, chickens, dogs, and cats. ^[16] When hunting, panthers shift their hunting environment based on where the casualty base is. Female panthers frequently shift both their home range and move behavior due to their reproductive rates. ^{[17] [18] [19] [20]}

Early life [ edit ]

Panther kittens are born in dens created by their mothers, oft in dumbo scrub. The dens are called based on a variety of factors, including prey availability, and have been observed in a range of habitats. Kittens will spend the showtime 6–eight weeks of life in those dens, dependent on their mother. ^[21] In the offset 2–3 weeks, the mother spends most of her time nursing the kittens; after this period, she spends more time away from the den, to wean the kittens and to hunt prey to bring to the den. Once they are quondam enough to leave the den, they hunt in the visitor of their female parent. Male person panthers are non encountered frequently during this time, as female and male panthers generally avoid each other outside of breeding. Kittens are normally 2 months old when they begin hunting with their mothers, and ii years old when they brainstorm to hunt and live on their own. ^[17]

Threats [ edit ]

Humans threaten the Florida panther through poaching and wildlife control measures. Also predation, the biggest threat to the Florida panther is habitat fragmentation. It was persecuted, and the population reduced to a small area in southern Florida. The population became inbred with individuals having kinked tails, and heart and sperm issues. ^[22]

The 2 highest causes of mortality for individual Florida panthers are automobile collisions and territorial aggression between Florida panthers. ^[23] When these incidents injure the panthers, federal and Florida wildlife officials take them to White Oak Conservation in Yulee, Florida, for recovery and rehabilitation until they are well enough to be reintroduced. ^[24] Additionally, White Oak raises orphaned kittens and has done then for 12 individuals. Most recently, an orphaned brother and sister were brought to the middle at 5 months erstwhile in 2011 later on their mother was found dead in Collier Canton, Florida. ^[25] After beingness raised, the male and female were released in early 2013 to the Rotenberger Wildlife Management Area and Collier County, respectively. ^[26]

Primary threats to the population every bit a whole include habitat loss, habitat degradation, and habitat fragmentation. Southern Florida is a fast-developing area, and certain developments such as Ave Maria nigh Naples, are controversial for their location in prime number panther habitat. ^[27] Fragmentation by major roads has severely segmented the sexes of the Florida panther, too. In a study done between 1981 and 2004, most panthers involved in car collisions were establish to be male. However, females are much more reluctant to cross roads. Therefore, roads separate habitat, and adult panthers. ^[28]

Development, as well as the Caloosahatchee River, are major barriers to natural population expansion. ^[29] While young males wander over extremely large areas in search of an available territory, females occupy domicile ranges shut to their mothers. For this reason, panthers are poor colonizers and expand their range slowly, despite occurrences of males far abroad from the core population.

The National Park Service has identified mercury poisoning equally a potential threat to panthers in s Florida after a female panther from the park died. ^[thirty]

Illness [ edit ]

Antigen assay on select Florida panther populations has shown bear witness of feline immunodeficiency virus and puma lentivirus amongst certain individuals. The presence of these viruses is likely related to mating behaviors and territory sympatry. Although, since Florida panthers have lower levels of the antibodies produced in response to FIV, consistently positive results for the presence of infection is hard to find. ^[31]

In the 2002–2003 capture season, feline leukemia virus was first observed in two panthers. Further assay determined an increase in FeLV-positive panthers from January 1990 to Apr 2007. The virus is lethal, and its presence has resulted in efforts to inoculate the population. While no new cases accept been reported since July 2004, the virus does take potential for reintroduction. ^[32]

In August 2022, Florida's Fish and Wildlife Conservation Committee identified, through the apply of game cameras, 8 endangered panthers affected by an apparent neurological disorder, but were unable to identify any potential infectious diseases that can affect felines and other species. ^{[33] [34]}

Chemicals [ edit ]

Exposure to a diverseness of chemic compounds in the environment has caused reproductive harm to Florida panthers. Tests show that the differences between males and females in estradiol levels are insignificant, which suggests that males accept been feminized due to chemic exposure. Feminized males are much less probable to reproduce, which represents a significant threat to a subspecies that already has a low population count and a loftier level of inbreeding. Chemical compounds that have created abnormalities in Florida panther reproduction include herbicides, pesticides, and fungicides such every bit benomyl, carbendazim, chlordecone, methoxychlor, methylmercury, fenarimol, and TCDD. ^[35]

Genetic depletion [ edit ]

The Florida panther has low genetic diversity due to a variety of environmental and genetic factors. Factors that include habitat devastation contributed to the germination of a singled-out and isolated subspecies of puma in the Florida panther. Isolation was followed by a gradual reject in the population size that increased the likelihood of inbreeding depression. ^[36] The lower genetic diversity and higher rates of inbreeding led to the increased expression of deleterious traits in the populations, resulting in lower overall fitness of the Florida panther population. This also lowers the adaptive capacity of the population and increases the likelihood of genetic defects ^[37] such as cryptorchidism and other complications to the middle and immune system. Specifically concerning the Florida panther, one of the morphological consequences of inbreeding was a high frequency of cowlicks and kinked tails. The frequency of exhibiting a cowlick in a Florida panther population was 94% compared to other pumas at 9%, while the frequency of a kinked tail was 88% as opposed to 27% for other puma subspecies. ^[38] To increase genetic diversity of the Florida panther, eight Texas pumas were introduced to the Florida population to hopefully promote the survival of the native population. The results indicated that the survival rates of hybrid kittens were three times higher than those of purebred pumas. ^[36] Due to the successes of this restoration effort, the genetic depletion of the Florida panther population is now not equally much of a problem as information technology used to be, but ought to exist monitored since the population is even so in a fragile state.

Vehicular collisions [ edit ]

Florida panthers live in home ranges between 190 and 500 km². Inside these ranges are many roads and human constructions, which are regularly traveled on by Florida panthers and tin can event in their death by vehicular collision. Efforts to reduce collisions with the Florida panther include nighttime speed reduction zones, special roadsides, headlight reflectors, and rumble strips. Another method of reducing collisions is the cosmos of wildlife corridors. Because wild animals corridors emulate the natural surroundings, animals are more likely to cantankerous through a corridor rather than a road because a corridor provides more than cover for prey and predators, and is safer to cantankerous than a road. ^[38]

Conservation condition [ edit ]

Panther at Audubon's Possum Long Nature Middle, Stuart, Florida, September, 1992

It was formerly considered critically endangered past the IUCN, but information technology has not been listed since 2008. Recovery efforts are currently underway in Florida to conserve the country'southward remaining population of native panthers. This is a hard task, every bit the panther requires contiguous areas of habitat – each breeding unit, consisting of one male and two to five females, requires well-nigh 200 square miles (500 km^two) of habitat. ^[39] This animal is considered to be a conservational flagship considering it is a major correspondent to the keystone ecological and evolutionary processes in their surroundings. ^[20] A population of 240 panthers would crave 8,000–12,000 foursquare miles (21,000–31,000 km²) of habitat and sufficient genetic diversity to avoid inbreeding as a result of small population size. However, a study in 2006 estimated that almost three,800 foursquare miles (9,800 km²) were free for the panthers. ^[40] The introduction of eight female cougars from a closely related Texas population has evidently been successful in mitigating inbreeding problems. ^{[41] [42]} Ane objective to panther recovery is establishing two boosted populations within historic range, a goal that has been politically hard. ^[43]

Outside Florida [ edit ]

Florida panthers, usually wandering males, have occurred every bit vagrants exterior of Florida. In 2008, a Georgia man was sentenced to 2 years probation, fined, and handed a lifetime hunting ban for killing a Florida panther that had walked 600 miles due north to Troup County, Georgia. ^{[44] [45]} In nearly 2014, a male person panther was shot and killed in the Okefenokee Swamp in Georgia. ^[46]

Habitat Conservation [ edit ]

The conservation of Florida panther habitats is especially important because they rely on the protection of the forest, specifically hardwood hammock, cypress swamp, pineland, and hardwood swamp, for their survival. ^[twenty] Conservations strategies for Florida panthers tend to focus on their preferred morning habitats. Nevertheless, GPS tracking has determined that habitat option for panthers varies by fourth dimension of twenty-four hours for all observed individuals, regardless of size or gender. They move from wetlands during the daytime, to prairie grasslands at nighttime. The implications of these findings propose that conservation efforts be focused on the full range of habitats used by Florida panther populations. ^[47] Female panthers with cubs build dens for their litters in an equally broad multifariousness of habitats, favoring dense scrub, simply also using grassland and marshland. ^[21]

Management controversy [ edit ]

In 2003, a controversy began involving the leading Florida panther expert David Maehr. He was covertly paid past land developers to produce faulty science papers that were used to let structure projects that destroyed Florida panther habitat. ^{[48] [49]}

In light of accusations against Maehr'due south work, recovery agencies appointed a panel of four experts, the Florida Panther Scientific Review Team (SRT), to evaluate the soundness of the torso of work used to guide panther recovery. The SRT identified serious problems with Maehr'south literature, including poor citations and misrepresentation of data to support unsound conclusions. ^{[l] [51] [52]} A Data Quality Act (DQA) complaint brought by Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility and Andrew Eller, a biologist with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), was successful in demonstrating that agencies continued to utilise incorrect information afterwards it had been clearly identified as such. ^[53] As a result of the DQA ruling, USFWS admitted errors in the scientific discipline the bureau was using and subsequently reinstated Eller, who had been fired by USFWS afterward filing the DQA complaint. In two white papers, environmental groups contended that habitat development was permitted that should not accept been, and documented the link between incorrect data and financial conflicts of interest. ^{[54] [55]}

David Maehr was covertly paid past developers and every bit a result of his faulty science research gave developers the necessary permitting to clear forests otherwise needed past the panthers to retains a viable breeding population. ^[48] In January 2006, USFWS released a new draft Florida Panther Recovery Plan for public review. ^[56] The discredited Maehr left Florida and the field of panthers to written report black bears in Kentucky; he died in a plane accident in 2008, while doing carry research. ^[48]

Relationship with humans [ edit ]

If encountered, the communication for people is not to run since this may stimulate the panther's instinct to chase. Instead, it is best to stand up and face the animal and brand eye contact. Most Florida panthers will avoid a confrontation. In the event of being attacked, you lot should fight back, without turning your dorsum. Further, there has never been a reported panther attack in Florida. However, in western states, people take been attacked and fought dorsum successfully with rocks, sticks, or fifty-fifty their blank hands. ^[57]

Run across also [ edit ]

• Eastern cougar
• Black panther
• Felinae
• Puma
• White panther

References [ edit ]

1. ^ ^{a b} Kitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, Due east.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, Fifty.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, Due north.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen, P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. W.; Johnson, W.; Luo, S.-J.; Meijaard, E.; O'Donoghue, P.; Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, K.; Groves, C.; Hoffmann, M.; Nowell, Thousand.; Timmons, Z.; Tobe, Southward. (2017). "A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Chore Strength of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group" (PDF). Cat News. Special Issue xi: 33–34.
2. ^ "Puma concolor couguar". Species+ . Retrieved eight January 2022.
3. ^ "Florida Panther Full general Data". Florida Panther Society. Archived from the original on 2015-09-14. Retrieved 2010-12-24 .
4. ^ Range of the Puma. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. Last Retrieved 2017-06-24
5. ^ FLORIDA PANTHER. Division of Endangered Species, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service . Terminal Retrieved 2007-01-30. Archived April 27, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
6. ^ "Florida Panther - U.Due south. Fish and Wildlife Service". www.fws.gov. Archived from the original on 2022-06-29. Retrieved 2022-10-15 .
7. ^ "msnbc.com Video Histrion". NBC News . Retrieved 2011-10-xiii .
8. ^ FWC Florida Panther Archived 2022-10-29 at the Wayback Machine. myfwc.com June 24, 2017
9. ^ Florida Section of State (2015). "State Animal: Florida Panther". dos.myflorida.com. Tallahassee, Florida, US: State of Florida, Florida Department of State. Archived from the original on 2015-01-22. Retrieved 2015-03-28 . Much folklore surrounds these seldom-seen cats, sometimes called 'catamounts' or 'painters,' and they have been persecuted out of fear and misunderstanding of the part these large predators play in the natural ecosystem
10. ^ WEC 167/UW176: Jaguar: Another Threatened Panther. Edis.ifas.ufl.edu. Retrieved on 2012-05-02.
11. ^ PantherNet : Handbook: Natural History : Concrete Description. Floridapanthernet.org. Retrieved on 2012-05-02.
12. ^ Bartareau, Tad; Onorato, Dave; Jansen, Deborah (March 2013). "Growth in body length and mass of the Florida panther: An evaluation of different models and sexual size dimorphism". Southeastern Naturalist. 12 (1): 27–40. doi:10.1656/058.012.0103. S2CID85220716.
13. ^ ^{a b c} Wozencraft, W. C. (2005). "Subspecies Puma concolor couguar". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. Chiliad. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins Academy Press. pp. 544–545. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0 . OCLC62265494.
14. ^ Culver, Thou.; Johnson, Due west.Due east.; Pecon-Slattery, J.; O'Brein, S.J. (2000). "Genomic Ancestry of the American Puma" (PDF). Journal of Heredity. 91 (three): 186–197. doi:ten.1093/jhered/91.3.186. PMID10833043.
15. ^ Conroy, G. J.; Beier, P.; Quigley, H.; Vaughan, M. R. (2006). "Improving The Use Of Science In Conservation: Lessons From The Florida Panther". Periodical of Wildlife Management. 70 (one): i–7. doi:10.2193/0022-541X(2006)lxx[1:ITUOSI]2.0.CO;2.
16. ^ [1]. Florida Fish and Wild fauna Conservation Commission. Last Retrieved 2017-07-fourteen
17. ^ ^{a b} Maehr, D.S.; State, East. Darrell; Roof, Jayde C.; McCown, J. Walter (July 1989). "Early maternal behavior in the Florida panther". The American Midland Naturalist. 122 (1): 34–43. doi:x.2307/2425680. JSTOR2425680.
18. ^ Kilgo, J. Due east. (1998). "Influences of Hunting on the Behavior of White-Tailed Deer: Implications for Conservation of the Florida Panther" (PDF). Conservation Biological science. 12 (half-dozen): 1359–1365. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1998.97223.x. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-11-07. Retrieved 2014-11-07 .
19. ^ McBride, Roy; McBride, Cougar (December 2010). "Predation of a Big Alligator by a Florida Panther". Southeastern Naturalist. ix (four): 854–856. doi:10.1656/058.009.0420. S2CID85338748.
20. ^ ^{a b c} Maehr, David S.; Deason, Jonathan P. (2014). "Wide-ranging carnivores and evolution permits: constructing a multi-calibration model to evaluate impacts on the Florida panther". Clean Technologies and Ecology Policy. 3 (iv): 398–406. doi:10.1007/s10098-001-0129-4. S2CID98146689.
21. ^ ^{a b} Benson, John F.; Lotz, Marking A.; Jansen, Deborah (Feb 2008). "Natal Den Selection past Florida Panthers". Journal of Wild animals Management. 72 (ii): 405–410. doi:10.2193/2007-264. S2CID86458097.
22. ^ Silverstein, A. (1997). The Florida Panther . Brooksville, Connecticut: Millbrook Press. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-7613-0049-half-dozen .
23. ^ "The Florida Panther". Sierra Lodge Florida. Archived from the original on ii June 2013. Retrieved 21 June 2013.
24. ^ "Dorsum TO THE WILD". Friends of the Florida Panther Refuge. Retrieved 21 June 2013.
25. ^ Staats, Eric (23 September 2011). "Orphaned Florida panther kittens rescued". Naples Daily News.
26. ^ Fleshler, David (3 April 2013). "Beginning Florida panther released into Palm Beach Canton". Sun Scout.
27. ^ Staats, Eric (January 27, 2004). "Sierra Club Says Ave Maria Will 'Threaten' Everglades". Naples Daily News . Retrieved 2009-x-18 .
28. ^ Schwab, Autumn; Paul Zandbergen (April 2011). "Vehicle-related bloodshed and road crossing behavior of the Florida Panther". Applied Geography. 31 (ii): 859–870. doi:x.1016/j.apgeog.2010.10.015.
29. ^ Newborn, Steve (May 23, 2022). "Once Nigh Extinct, The Florida Panther Is Making A Improvement". NPR News . Retrieved 2022-05-24 . {{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
30. ^ "Florida Panther: Species Profile". National Park Service. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
31. ^ Miller, D.50.; Taylor, Rotstein; Pough, Barr (April 2006). "Feline Immunodeficiency Virus and Puma Lentivirus in Florida panthers (Puma concolor coryi): Epidemiology and Diagnostic Issues". Veterinary Enquiry Communications. thirty (3): 307–317. doi:ten.1007/s11259-006-3167-10. PMC 7089169 . PMID16437306.
32. ^ Cunningham, Mark West.; Dark-brown, Meredith A.; Shindle, David B.; Terrell, Scott P.; Hayes, Kathleen A.; Ferree, Bambi C.; McBride, R. T.; Blankenship, Emmett L.; Jansen, Deborah; Citino, Scott B.; Roelke, Tune Due east.; Kiltie, Richard A.; Troyer, Jennifer Fifty.; O'Brien, Stephen J. (2008). "Epizootiology and Management of Feline Leukemia Virus in the Florida Puma". Periodical of Wildlife Diseases. 44 (3): 537–552. doi:10.7589/0090-3558-44.3.537. PMC 3167064 . PMID18689639.
33. ^ Sokol, Joshua (2022-08-20). "Florida's Panthers Hit With Mysterious Crippling Disorder". The New York Times. ISSN0362-4331 . Retrieved 2022-08-21 .
34. ^ "A neurological disorder is impacting panthers in Florida making it hard for them to walk". world wide web.msn.com . Retrieved 2022-08-21 .
35. ^ Facemire, Charles; Gross, Guillette (May 1995). "Reproductive Harm in the Florida Panther: Nature or Nurture?". Environmental Health Perspectives. 103 (Supplement 4): 79–86. doi:10.2307/3432416. JSTOR3432416. PMC 1519283 . PMID7556029.
36. ^ ^{a b} Pimm, Southward. L.; Dollar, 50.; Bass, O. L. (2006-05-01). "The genetic rescue of the Florida panther". Animal Conservation. ix (2): 115–122. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2005.00010.x . ISSN1469-1795. S2CID53059157.
37. ^ Kardos, Marty; Taylor, Helen R.; Ellegren, Hans; Luikart, Gordon; Allendorf, Fred Due west. (2016-12-01). "Genomics advances the study of inbreeding low in the wild". Evolutionary Applications. 9 (10): 1205–1218. doi:10.1111/eva.12414. ISSN1752-4571. PMC 5108213 . PMID27877200.
38. ^ ^{a b} Country, Darrell; Lotz (1996). "Wildlife Crossing Designs and Use past Florida Panthers and Other Wild fauna in Southwest Florida" (PDF). Trends in Addressing Transportation Related Wild animals Mortality. p. 323.
39. ^ Florida Panther Recovery Programme Archived 2006-10-02 at the Wayback Machine. The Florida Panther Recovery Team, S Florida Ecological Services Part, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Published 1995-03-13. Retrieved 2007-01-30.
40. ^ Kautz, Randy (June 2006). "How much is enough? Landscape-scale conservation for the Florida panther". Biological Conservation. 130 (ane): 118–133. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2005.12.007.
41. ^ Florida panther | Section : Historic Range . . . U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
42. ^ The genetic rescue of the Florida panther, 2005 pdf, George Washington University
43. ^ Pittman, Craig (December eighteen, 2008). "Florida panthers demand new territory, federal officials say". Tampa Bay Times . Leningrad, FL. Archived from the original on October 5, 2013. Retrieved 2013-08-20 .
44. ^ Terry Dickson (August v, 2011). "Georgia man who killed Florida panther gets two years probation, banned from hunting". The Florida Times-Union . Retrieved April two, 2022.
45. ^ Dean Kui (2017). "The Panther You lot Desire". Orion Magazine . Retrieved Apr 2, 2022.
46. ^ Dexter Filkins (May 29, 2017). "The Render of the Florida Panther". The New Yorker . Retrieved April ii, 2022.
47. ^ Onorato, D. P.; Criffield, 1000.; Lotz, M.; Cunningham, M.; McBride, R.; Leone, E. H.; Bass, O. L.; Hellgren, Eastward. C. (April 2011). "Habitat choice past critically endangered Florida panthers across the diel period: implications for land management and conservation". Animal Conservation. xiv (xi): 196–205. doi:ten.1111/j.1469-1795.2010.00415.x.
48. ^ ^{a b c} Craig Pittman (2022). "Ch. 14-18". Cat Tale: The Wild, Weird Battle to Save the Florida Panther. Hanover Square Printing. ISBN 978-1335938800 .
49. ^ Gross L (2005). "Why Not the Best? How Science Failed the Florida Panther". PLOS Biol. 3 (9): e333. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030333. PMC 1188244 . PMID16108700.
50. ^ Beier, P; Vaughan, MR; Conroy, MJ and Quigley, H. 2003, An analysis of scientific literature related to the Florida panther: Submitted as final report for Project NG01-105 Archived 2006-09-02 at the Wayback Machine, Florida Fish and Wild fauna Conservation Commission, Tallahassee, FL.
51. ^ Beier, P; Vaughan, MR; Conroy, MJ; Quigley, H (2006). "Evaluating scientific inferences near the Florida panther" (PDF). Journal of Wild animals Management. 70: 236–245. doi:10.2193/0022-541x(2006)70[236:esiatf]2.0.co;2.
52. ^ Conroy, MJ; P Beier; H Quigley & MR Vaughan (2006). "Improving the use of science in conservation: lessons from the Florida panther" (PDF). Periodical of Wildlife Management. 70: 1–seven. doi:10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1:ITUOSI]2.0.CO;two.
53. ^ Information Quality Guidelines: Your Questions and Our Responses. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service . Published 2005-03-21. Retrieved 2007-01-30.
54. ^ Kostyack, J and Loma, Thou. (2005) Giving Away the Store. The Florida Panther Society
55. ^ Kostyack, J and Loma, M. (2004) Discrediting a Decade of Panther Scientific discipline: Implications of the Scientific Review Team Report. The Florida Panther Society
56. ^ Fish and Wildlife Service releases Draft Florida Panther Recovery Plan for public review. U.Due south. Fish and Wildlife Service . Published 2006-01-31. Retrieved 2007-01-30.
57. ^ "Puma concolor couguar" (PDF). Species+ . Retrieved ten January 2022.

External links [ edit ]

• Florida Panther Net – by the Florida Fish and Wild fauna Conservation Commission
• Florida Panther – National Park Service website
• U.S. Fish and Wild animals Press Release on new Draft Recovery Plan
• The Florida Panther Society, Inc.
• Florida Panther Projection
• Bounding, Rebounding: Panthers Make a Comeback – audio report by NPR (requires JavaScript, pop-ups, and Adobe Wink Player)

Animals That Sound Like Horses in Florida

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_panther